16/19 Using SPSS

Statistical analysis exercises

Using the SPSS data file provided you may like to try some of the following statistical analysis:

Task 1 - Frequency tables (Analyse>Descriptive statistics>Frequencies)

Using Frequency analysis, answer the following:

a) What percentage of participants are:

  1. male?
  2. female?

b) What percentage of participants have:

  1. no IR experience?
  2. some IR experience?
  3. lots of IR experience?

c) What percentage of the participants were generally satisfied overall with the search system?

click this image to check if your answers from exercise one is the same as ours

Task 1 - Frequency tables

a) Gender of respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid male 20 37.0 37.0 37.0
  female 34 63.0 63.0 100.0
Total 54 100.0 100.0

So, 20 of the participants, or 37%, were male and 34, or 63%, were female

b) IR experience

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid none 3 5.6 5.6 5.6
  some 36 66.7 66.7 72.2
  lots 15 27.8 27.8 100.0
  Total 54 100.0 100.0  

So, 3 participants, or 5.6%, had no IR (Information Retrieval) experience, 36, or 66.7%, had some IR experience and 15, or 27.8%, had lots of IR experience

c) General feelings overall

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid dissatisfied 19 35.2 35.8 35.8
  neutral 18 33.3 34.0 69.8
  satisfied 16 29.6 30.2 100.0
  Total 53 98.1 100.0  
Missing missing 1 1.9   
Total   54 100.0   

Here, some participants choose not to answer this question, so we use the column labelled 'Valid Percentage'. So, 16 participants, or 30.2%, were satisfied overall.

Task 2 - Graphs

Using the Graphs option create:

a) A simple bar chart showing Gender of the sample by percentage

b) A pie chart showing IR experience by percentage

c) A stacked bar chart by General Feelings Overall and SE, by count

click this image to check if your answers from exercise two is the same as ours


Task 2 - Graphs

Click on each image to show a larger version; click anywhere to close and return to this page

a)

graph showing gender by percentage

b)

graph showing participat information retrieval experience

c)

graph showing general feelings overall for each search engine

Task 3 - Cross-tabulations (Analyse>Descriptive statistics>Cross-tabs)

Cross-tabulations can be used to show if there is a relationship between variables.

Use Cross-tabulations to answer the following:

a) 16 participants responded that they were Generally Satisfied with the search system overall. Are these participants more likely to be satisfied or dissatisfied with the Effectiveness of the search system? (Cross-tabulate General Feelings Overall and Effectiveness).

b) 16 participants responded that they were Generally Satisfied with the search system overall. Are these participants more likely to be satisfied or dissatisfied with the Efficiency of the search system? (Cross-tabulate General Feelings Overall and Efficiency).

c) 19 respondents thought the search system to be Ineffective. Are these more likely to view the system as Efficient or Inefficient? (Cross-tabulate Effectiveness with Efficiency).

click this image to check if your answers from exercise three is the same as ours

Task 3 - Cross-tabulations

a) General feelings overall * Effectiveness Crosstabulation

Count

Effectiveness  
   ineffective neutral effective Total
General feelings overall
dissatisfied 17 2 0 19
neutral 5 9 4 18
  satisfied 1 3 12 16
Total   23 14 16 53

So, of the 16 participants, or 30.2%, who were Generally Satisfied Overall, 12 thought the system Effective and 3 had a neutral view and 1 thought the system inefficient. Therefore, Satisfied participants were more likely to view the system as Effective.

Those who were Dissatisfied (19)were more likely to view the system as Ineffective (17 thought it Ineffective, 2 were neutral).

b) General feelings overall * Efficiency Crosstabulation

Count

Efficiency 
   inefficient neutral efficient Total
General feelings overall
dissatisfied 15 4 0 19 
neutral 2 10 6 18
  satisfied 0 2 14 16
Total  17 16 20 53

So, of the 16 participants, or 30.2%, who were Generally Satisfied Overall, 14 thought the system Efficient and 2 had a neutral view. Therefore, Satisfied participants were more likely to view the system as Efficient.

Those who were Dissatisfied (19) were more likely to view the system as Inefficient (15 thought it Inefficient, 4 were neutral).

c) Effectiveness * Efficiency Crosstabulation

Count

Efficiency  
inefficient neutral efficient Total
Effectiveness ineffective 14 7 2 23
neutral 2 6 6 14
effective 1 3 13 17
Total   17 16 21 54

So, of the 17 participants, or 31.5%, who thought the system Inefficient, 14 thought the system Ineffective, 2 had a neutral view and 1 thought it Effective. Therefore, participants who viewed the system as Inefficient were more likely to view the system as Ineffective.

Those who thought the system Efficient (21) were more likely to view the system as Effective (13 thought it Effective , 6 were neutral and 2 thought it Ineffective ).

Task 4 - Selecting cases (Data>Select cases)

So far you have analysed the data globally and have started to develop an understanding of participants' responses across all three of the SEs. Now you will work with the responses for each SE individually.

Firstly, select Data from the top menu bar and click on Select cases. Select the second option If the condition is satisfied and click on the box If . Scroll down the variables list until you get to Test Search Engine, click on this and move it across to the working box. The click on the = sign and then 1, click on Continue and then OK . You have now selected cases using Northern Light. Now run some analysis to answer the following questions:

a) 5 participants responded that they were Generally Satisfied with the search system overall. Are these participants more likely to be satisfied or dissatisfied with the Effectiveness of the search system?

b) 5 participants responded that they were Generally Satisfied with the search system overall. Are these participants more likely to be satisfied or dissatisfied with the Efficiency of the search system?

c) 7 respondents thought the search system to be Ineffective. Are these more likely to view the system as Efficient or Inefficient?

Repeat this for the other two SEs. Compare your results across all three SEs and globally.

click this image to check if your answers from exercise four is the same as ours

Task 4 - Select cases

When you have run 'Select Cases' your Data View should look like this:

data view shows how you can analyse responses just to one search engine instead of all three together, so here we are looking at Northern Light

a) General feelings overall *Effectiveness Crosstabulation

Effectiveness  
ineffective neutral effective Total
General feelings overall dissatisfied 5 1 0 6
  neutral 2 3 1 6
  satisfied 0 1 4 5
  Total 7 5 5 17

So, of the 5 participants, or 29.4%, who were Generally Satisfied Overall, 4 thought the system Effective and 1 had a neutral view. Therefore, Satisfied participants were more likely to view the system as Effective.

Those who were Dissatisfied (6) were more likely to view the system as Ineffective (5 thought it Ineffective, 2 were neutral).

b) General feelings overall *Efficiency Crosstabulation

Efficiency  
inefficient neutral efficient Total
General feelings overall dissatisfied 6 0 0 6
  neutral 1 3 2 6
  satisfied 0 1 4 5
  Total 7 4 6 17

So, of the 5 participants, or 29.4%, who were Generally Satisfied Overall, 4 thought the system Efficient and 1 had a Neutral view. Therefore, Satisfied participants were more likely to view the system as Efficient.

Those who were Dissatisfied (6) were more likely to view the system as Ineffective (6 thought it Ineffective).

Count

Efficiency  
inefficient neutral efficient Total
Effectiveness ineffective 6 1 0 7
  neutral 1 1 3 5
  effective 0 2 4 6
  Total 7 4 7 18

So, of the 7 participants, or 38.9%, who thought the system Inefficient, 6 thought the system Ineffective and 1 had a neutral view. Therefore, participants who viewed the system as Inefficient were more likely to view the system as Ineffective.

Those who thought the system Efficient (7) were more likely to view the system as Effective (4 thought it Efficient and 3 were neutral).

Task 5 - Correlations (Analyse>Correlate>Bivariate>Spearman's)

Having identified that relationship's exist between General Feelings Overall and Effectiveness and Efficiency you can now go on to see if these are statistically significant.

click this image to check if your answers from exercise five is the same as ours

Task 5 - Correlations

a) Correlations

    General feelings overall Efficiency
Spearman's rho General feelings overall Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .779(**)
   Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
   N 17 17
  Efficiency Correlation Coefficient .779(**) 1.000
   Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
   N 17 18

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

So, SPSS is indicating that a statistically significant relationship exists between a participant's General Satisfaction Overall and their view of the Effectiveness of the system.

b)Correlations

    General feelings overall Efficiency
Spearman's rho General feelings overall Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .843(**)
   Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
   N 17 17
  Efficiency Correlation Coefficient .843(**) 1.000
   Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
   N 17 18

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

So, SPSS is indicating that a statistically significant relationship exists between a participant's General Satisfaction Overall and their view of the Efficiency of the system.

c) Correlations

    General feelings overall Efficiency
Spearman's rho General feelings overall Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .748(**)
   Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
   N 18 18
  Efficiency Correlation Coefficient .748(**) 1.000
   Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
   N 18 18

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

So, SPSS is indicating that a statistically significant relationship exists between a participant's view of the Effectiveness of the system and their view of the Efficiency of the system.

click to go back to the spss    click to continue to statistics summary