The picture depicts a diagram of the two approaches to summarise descriptive data.

The left hand side shows the title of 'descriptive' and explains it as techniques for analysing such data such as mean, medium, mode and frequency

The right hand side show the title of 'inferential (analytical) and explains the techniques for analysing such data as techniques for making generalisations about characteristics of a population based on a sample - significance testing. Examples would be correlation, t-test, chi square and ANOVA

From the 'inferential' square are two following branches. The first is parametric, to be used with interval or ratio data

The second is non-parametric, to be used with ordinal or nominal data